CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background To The Study
Management Information System are the instrumentation of an organization. Their interfaces to the human controllers of business serve as ‘ Dials and gauges ‘ that allow these controllers to ‘read off’ the current state of their organization. They may record and model all or part of the organization activities and provide indicators of any actual or predicted change in state. of most value, They record or predict the rate, direction and timing of such changes. Information guide decision makers in reaching a valid conclusion and making an informed decision conclusion and making an informed decision regarding every area of their responsibility without adequate, information, resources will not be located and converted into desirable finished goods aimed at a specific target market for profit. Since no businesa entity can survive or remain relevant without effective information, Business data must be systematically captured, analyzed quantified, compoiled, and shared and made acessible in order to enjoy the maximum value of information. A critical feature of any information system should be the ability to not only access and retrieve data, but also keep the achieved information as current as possible (Moga, 2007).
Oladejo (2007) described MIS as a system using formulize & procedures based on data from both internal and external sourvea, to enable dedision makers make timely and effectives decision, for planning directing and carrying out the activities for which they have appointed. This connotes that MIS is a system responsible for the collection, processing and communication of define data in order to enhance prompt decision making. Viewing MIS as data processing or a computer based system would amount to a production oriented view of MIS which places more emphasis on production but generation management involvement makes the system distinctly different from data processing.
From Wikipedia, the free encUlopedia identifies that Management information system (MIS) provides information that is needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively. Management information system involve three primary resources people, technology, and information or decision making. Management systems are distinct from other information system in that, They are used analyze operational activities in to organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making e.g decision support systems, expert systems, and executive information system is presently the organization nervous systems which respond to opportunities and avoid threats. It is widely acknowledged that firms with the best and most effective information strategy (Harizanova, 2003).
Paul. S. Licker (1997) emphasized that management informatial system (MIS) is an integrated user + machine that provides information to support operations, management anlysis, and decision-making functions in and organization. An MIS contain hardware, software, procedures, data, and people each component is as important influences the others. The MIS should relate lo to their goals of the organization. MIS is an integrated, computer based, user-maahine system that provides information for supporting operations and decision making function. It is a system using formalized prodedures to provide management at all levels in all function with appropriate information based on data from both internal and external sources, to enable them to make timely and effective decisions for planning, directing and controlling the activities for which they are responsible. (Lucey 19911 Management Information Systems). When a business event occurs,wether it is the issuing of an invoice, the ticking over into a new financial quarter or staff attendance at a training source the event provides the raw for the MIS. The event may be record, appropriately atorad, transmitted, combined with other raw materials and ultimately presented in some appropriate way.
All the managerial functions planning, organizing, leading and controlling rely on a steady stream of information about what is happening at, and beyond , and organization. Only with accurate and timely information can manages, monitor progress toward than goals and turn plans into reality. If managers cannot stay on track anticipating potential problems, developing the skill to recognize when corrections are necessary, and then making appropriate corrections or adjustments as they progress their work may be both fruitless and costly. Information systems enable managers to control how they do business. if you were to look at a new Toyota in a show room, you would find the car has a computer-generated sticker attached to the window to display the pricing and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) information. The Toyota dealer probabIy has a computerized inventory system to tell you if a car is available with the options you want perhaps even the color you have dreamed about. should you need financing, the bank computer can help the sales person check your credit quickly and close the sale from the largest corporation to the modest home town dealer, the computer plays a vital part in the control of business operations.
Manager at all levels are finding that computer based information necessary system (MIS) are rapidly becoming indispensable for planning, decision making, and control system will be with information syatem playing such an important role in managing organization, it has become crucial for manager to understand how these systems should be designed, and managed. The successful MIS supports a business long range plans, providing reports based upon performance analysis in areas critical to those plan with feedback loops that allow for titivation of every aspect of the enterprises including recruitment and training regimens. MIS not only indicate how things are going, but also why and where performances is failing to meet their plan.
Management Information System provides data and information to help the management to make strategic decision (Top management decision) and at other levels of managements. Management Information System provides means, through which the enterprise activities are monitored, controlled and executed while information’s are distributed to management employees, and customers, Management information system provides and enhances the over all decision making process.
To be successful and MIS must be designed and operated with due regard to organization and behaviorial principles are well as technical factors. Management must be informed enough to make an ( Systems analysts, accounts, operations researchers and others) must become more aware of managerial functions and needs so that, jointly, more effective MIS developed. Management do not know enough about management in other to provide relevant information for the managers to serve.
1.2 Statement Of The Problem
The study is concerned with an investigation based on the problems that are facing corporate organization managers on management information systems. The problems are follow:
The manager were not well thought of information strategy
There is no string understanding of both management informtion system and information technology by the managers.
1.3 Research Question
This research work would attempt to provide answers to the following questions:
To what extent has management information system helps in supporting corporate goals and objectives.
To what extent does management information system police process ids internal control of an organization
To what extent can managers evaluate and information system
To what extent can manager understand a businesses system so that it can be improved to meet the competitive challenge that have to be faced
To what extent does MIS helps the real gainers and losers when an information system is installed.
1.4 Objective Of The Study
The Purpose of thus research is to inestigate and examined the following specific objecives of this research
To examined if management information system application exist to adequately supports corporate goals and objectives
To examine how can a manager understand evaluate an information system
To find out how management information system policies, process, aid and internal control are adequate
To determine if a manager understand a business system so that it can be improved to meet competitive challenge that have to be faced
To findout who are the real gainers and losers when and information system installed.
1.5 Significant Of The Study
This study would be of importance to individual, firms, industry, and even the government. basically, the significant of the study is as follows:
It helps to ensure consistency and accuracy
To help the organization in evaluating alternative long term and short term planning, preparation of reports and analysis
To help the organization structure themselves tp allow easy flow of information
This study alsp aims at changing the structure of the way people do their jobs
The study will help to promote good il4age of the company social responsibility and customers confidence.
1.6 Delimitation
The study was delimited to Acquisian of Office Technology and management Competencies on the Computer Information Management System in a First Bank. No attempt would bemade to go beyond
1.7 Limitation
In this course, this, research, the researcher ran into some problems. Some respondents failed to return their quest ionaire on time, thereby caused a lot of delay on the analysis of the data.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Early business computers were used for simple operations such as tracking sales or payroll data, with littlo detail or structure. over time, these computer application became more complex, hardware storage capacities grew, and technologies improved for connecting previous isolated applications. is more and data managers sought greater detail as well as grater abstraction wiithin the aim of creating entire management reports from the raw, stored data.
The term ‘MIS’ arose to describe such applications providing managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that world help in managing their enterprise. Today the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited to) decision support systems, Enterprise resource planning (ERP), enterprise performance management (EPM), supply chain manageaent (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), project management and database retrieval applications.
The global business environment is becoming more complex at an in creasing rate while greed and globalization were the major concept used to describe the situation other major forces for changes including technological development, new employment patterns and organiization structures, the growing importance of environmental issues and death of deference among employees, customers and communities. There is also an increasing need for companies to gain and maintain the confidence of the general public in their business conduct.
Ail this saddle manager with the task of surfacing a tool for the extraction of timely and required information from their target audience in order to effect an accurate and productive decision. Hence, the birth of management information system (MIS).
2.2 Theoretical Review
Aecortliag to Lucey (1997) the term MIS has become almost synonymous with computer base data processing or computer based system, would amount to a production oriented view of management information system which places more emphasis on production or generation of information. One major, thing that differentiates MIS from data processing is the management involvement .
0.J.K Ogundele (2007) defined management infurmation system is a system designed to provide selected decision-oriented information needed by management to plan control, and evaluate the activities of the corporation. MIS is designed to emphasize, profit , planning and control at all levels. Its purpose is to enable all levels in management make timely and effective decision on activities for which they are responsible.
Award (1988) described management information system as an integrated, computer based, user-machine system that provides information for supporting operations and decision making functions.
management information systems defined as a formal method of making available to management the accurate and timely information necessary to facilitate the decision-making process and enable their organization’s planning, control, and operational functions to be carried out effectively. The system provides information about the past, present, and projected future and about relevant events inside and outside the organization (James A.F,R. Edward, and Daniel. R. (2008). They continued emphasized that organization have always had some kind of management information system, even if was not recognized as such. In the past, these systems were highly informal in setup and utilization. when registrar office staff kept transcripts on handwritten charts, with their ability to process and condense large quantities of data, did the design of management information systems become a formal process and a field of study.
R. Parameswaran (2004) says management informattion system is a general term for the computer systems in an enterprise that provide information about its business operations. it’s also used to refer to the people who manage these systems. Typically in a large organization MIS refers to a centrally coordinated system of computer expertise and management, including main frame systems and the entire network of computer resources.
The MIS its concept can be best understood if we know the need and background if MIS.
Management Process: The functions of management are not performed sequentially planning is Involved in organizing and controlling. Similarly, organizing is required for planning and controlling. Each function interacts with the other to form the management process.
Level Of Management: Each organization is made up of several levels. These could be classified at least in three main group top (strategic planning), middle (management control) and lower levels (operational control).
Information and Planning: Planning is deciding in advance that has to be done, who has to do it, when it has to be done, and how it is to be done. It bridges the gap from where we are and where we want to go. A manager (plans for the allocation of resources and the work of other people, in contrast to the non-manager’s who plan only their individual activities
System Approach to Planning: The system approach to planning can be depicted as follows: The four special reasons for planning i. To offset uncertainty
ii. To improve wealth of operations
iii. To focus on objective
iv. To provide a device for control of operations.
Strategic Planning Process: Strategic planning is the process of planning on hove to achieve, the organizational goals, with the available resources. The main purpose of this activity is to accomplish the objectives of the organization. The strategic planning is conducted by the top management which include president, managing Director, chief Executive Officer, General Manager, etc. It is a long range planning process.
System Approach to Management: A system is set of inter-dependent components tiretitynamioaliy ilnked, That is, each one affects the other components in the system. The systems approach is concerned with a logistic entity but does not neglect the components of the entity.
Need for System Approach to Management System approach to management is needed because of the following reasons:
i. The growing size of the business
ii. The organizations are becoming more and more complex Growing environment constraints-laws, pollution Thus, MIS can be defined as MIS is a set inter related elements which work together to render classified and interpreted data that are usage and used by manager in the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the major activities or business.
The Management Information System is a formal method of making available the accurate and timely information necessary for decision making process and enable the management to plan, execute control and coordinate the necessary functions effectively.
M.O. Oladejo (2007) define MIS as a system to convert data from internal and external sources into informtion and to communication data information, in an appropriate form to managers at levels. In all functions to enable them make timely and controlling the activities for which they are responsible.
Management Information System (MIS) consists of computer resources people subsystem and procedures used in the modern business enterprises. MIS involved those system that allow managers to make decision for the sucessful operations of business. The goal of the MIS organization is to deliver information systems to various levels of corporate manager.
Adeniyi A. Adeniji (2008) cited CIMA computing Terminalogy Management Information System (MIS) is defined as – A computer system as a related group of system which collects and present management information relating to a business in order to facilitate its control.
A management information System is therefore a system of disseminating information which will enable managers to do their jobs. Since manager must have information, there will be a management information system in any organization.
Most management information system are not designed but grow up informally with each manager making sure that he or she gets all the information flows to the job and to a certain extent this is correct.
2.3 Objective of Management Information System
A. Adeleke, G. J. K. Ogundele & O. G. Gyenuga (2003, 2008) says management information systems or, simply, informationsystems are required in business organizations and non-profit entities to provide information and to promote effective control of organizational activities. The management of business and othw organizations have adopted and do maintain information systems for a number of reasons, namely:
1. A means is provided by which interested parties can tell what has happen in the past, where the entity now stands or their directions in which it is now or will be going.
2. Management is facilitated. It is imposible to manage or control the simplest entity without information expressed in a common denominator of money or in quantitiative. terms such as units of inventory, units of plants, assets, share of stocks or other appropriate measurement.
3. Law require that records be maintained so that tax, payroll, and other reports, can be prepared, filled, and later audited adequately.
4. Routine activities, e.g, billing, paying, receiving and shipping, must be done. Amount owed by or to the entity must what is due to it and timely payment of its debt.
5. Those responsible for the custody of property would have no means of discharging their custodianship without knowing the value associated with the property, its quantity and its location. The business or management information system includes the records and processing structure by which the preceding and other objectives requiring quantitave information can be accomplished.
2.4 Type of Management Information System
i. Report Generator MIS: Abbreviated REGMIS is the common type of MIS concerned with processing of data input to generate time information report to make necessary control decision. Management reports, annual reports, performattan reports. needed for routine and non-routine purpose are good examples of REGMIS.
ii. What If MIS: Abbreviated WIMIS is used to ask questions affecting a particular decision. Sensitivity analysis a typical WIMIS that asks question on what decision should be taken if a particular variable in decision model changes? For example asking to question, such as what would dappen to cash flow if the company changes its credit term for its customers? Managemnt Information Decision System:- Shortened MIDS is a mathematical model that makes use of ‘What if MIS’. It uses WIMIS to rocommend decision (i.e. WIMIS to recommend decision called decision support system (DD3) which attempts to integrate the decision maker, database and the quantitative model being used.
2.5 Characteristics of Management Information System
R. Parmeswaran (200) enumerates that management information’s system, generally has The following characteristics:
i. Management Oriented:- beyond any doubt is the fact that MIS is a management oriented system. This could be understood from the terminology itself. The information processing carried out by MIS is always attempting at helping the management.
ii. Management directed:- Similarly, all the activities of MIS are initiated by the management. It is the management’s need that MIS is management directed.
iii. User-Machine system:- The concept of user-machine system implies that some tasks of MIS are done by the users while others are best done by machines. There is co-existence of both men and machines in MIS.
iv. Integrated system:- MIS hopes to provide the basis of integration of information processing. This leads to common data flows. Even though applications in a system are implemented one at a time their design is guided by an overall plan. In essence information system is designed as a federation of small systems.
v. Involves large planning:- The concept of MIS’ goes only wit with PLANNING. There is a huge amount of planning coupled with the installation and maintenance of MIS .
vi. Sub-system:- Naturally, a vast system like the MIS will be having plenty of sub-systems which are mutually related with defined with definite relationships and properly ordered. It is based on sub-system concept.
vii. Use of models:- MIS uses scientific and mathematical models for planning, organizing directing and controlling for its analysis.
viii. Database:- One of the prerequisites for installing, implementing and successful operating of f is data. Hence, there ha to be a way to maintain data in data and there has to be a central data base.
ix. Information as a resource: MIS provides procedure for mean ring and matching cost of obtaining and using information.
x. Flexibility in use:- MIS is so designed that it is flexible is and adaptable to user requirements.
xi. Others:- MIS is predictive and related to organizational levels-
2.6 Benefits of Management Information System
A good management inform-ition system will be of great advanta-ge to the various stake holders. some of these benefits are enumerated below:
2.7 Benefits
1. Timeliness: Managers make decision more quickly and takeless time to solve the problems and give satisfactory solutions to the management.
2. Accuracy:- Normally the organization are in position to provide variety of regular reports, for the increase govern vent regulations. Also the organizations have variety of customers, requires variety of reports. These reports are organized by the management accurately with the effective MIS.
3. Reduction in inventory levels:- with effective MIS the inventory level can be maintained at an optimum level which result into cost reduction.
4. Better Liquidity:- MIS provides for better liquidity by justifying account receivable, cash flow or living systems.
5. Better work allocation: MIS ensures the better allocation of work by evaluating the benefits of personnel allocation, maintenance control and production scheduling system. This results into reduction in work hours which lead to monetary benefits to the firms.
6. Increase in sales:- Through effective MIS, one can asess the profitability of distribution, makrketingf finished goods inventory control, and customer order systems. this may result into increase in sales.
7. Reduction in maintenance costs:- MIS can be used as a measure for evaluating maintenance control system and spare parts inventory control systems. It ensures reduction in maintenance costs.
8. Completeness— in MIS, the system managers understand the management technique and the procedures so they are produce the complete report of a system
9. Accurate reports:- The MIS has three ability to provide The complete and concise reports. for example:
i. Summary Reports:- Summaries all activities of the organization and present in the form of summary report.
ii. Demand Reports: This report will be prepared only when they are requested by the management
iii. Customer Reports:- According to the specifications of the management it will be prepared
iv. Exception Reports:- According to the conditions or exceptions the report is prepared.
v. Responsibility:- The MIS structure provides the boundaries of management responsibility.
10. Other benefits: MIS provides the following other benefit
i. Ensures shorter response time
ii. Reduces the number of negative response to customers
iii. improves decision-making process
iv. Widens information bases for decision-making
v. Facilitates data integration
vi. Simple and easy to uqderstand
vii. saves the precious time of managers
viii. Saves manpower
ix. Enhances the quality of decisions
x. Easy accessibility
xi. Reduces data redundancy
xii. improves productivity
2.8 Management Decision Areas that Need Information
Virtually all aspects of management require information, however, the major aspects of the management decisions that require information are stated below:
Sales Forecast:- Information needs such as in market availability economic situation, production capacity, availability of etc
Variance Analysis:- Standard cost of material, standard rate of labour, actual price, market price etc
Market shares of Competitors:- Number of competitors, their products quality, ruling market price
Product Pricing Decision:- Input cost, elasticity of demand, market structure, government policy etc.
Stock Level Control:- Minimum stock, reorder level, reorder quantity, rate of consumption delivery time etc.
Investment Decision:- Initial outlay, cash inflow, cash outflow, discount rate, risk and uncertainties etc. Personnel Costing:- Number of personnel, grade level basic salaries, allowances, overtime, rate of overtime per hour.
2.9 Weakness Of Management Information System
The weakness of management information itemized below:
Inadequate knowledge of computers by most mangers. Although emphasis on computer education has assisted in this regards.
Lack of top management support for formalized information system as a reactionary move for fear of exposure of their activities and weaknesses.
Inappropriate emphasis on computer system. This has discourage smaller organizations from installation of management information system
Non-involvement of the top management in the design of MIS. Technicians and professionals should involve top management that will see to the implementation of the system.
Piracy of data and information confidentiality.
2.10 Challenges of Management Information System
MIS faces the following challenges:
Affordability of computer based system which is at present relatively expensive to acquire, install, and maintain.
Constant mandatory computer education starting with the primary and secondary school to appreciate the importance of Information Technology.
Skill and capacity development in computer and Information Technology.
Government attention should be given to the development of computer and information Technology development.
International finding of education in development countries. Ineffective power supply to enhance Information Communication Technology (ICT) application.
Extensive scientific research in information Technology. We expect development of the 5th generation computer
Reduction of the incidence of computer fraud and cyber crimes which has be deviled the whole world.
Improved employment status and economic empowerment of people likely to be displace by adopting computer based technology.
2.11 Information System
The information system is a combination of systems components that function within the organization to process data and to provide the information and internal control needed by management to carry out its responsibilities of stewardship over the assets, of control over operations, and to plan future activities.
The structure of the information system generally reflects the design of a previous accounting system. Information system is usually broader, and includes more extensive accumulations of statistical data than would be the case in a traditional accounting system The accounting system has traditionally been designed to emphasize the detail associated with financial transaction input data, its preparation, control, processing and eventual output. More detailed data, unit information, decision limits, and accumulations of special significance to internal management are typical in a well — designed information system.
The information system is an aggregate that includes the subsystems within business organization designed to provide the necessary managerial information and internal control. A subsystem includes the procedures, methods and operation designed to accomplish specific objectives within a specific segment of a business. For example the Ford Motor Company has a sub-system to provide managerial control for the Ford motor division, another for the Tractor Division, etc.
2.11 Essential Requirements For Designing MIS
The basic decision has to take into account a general approach, so that suitable systems can be developed for different organization depending upon their role, functions and decision making requirement. In each organization, data gets generated at different levels. This data when processed and analyzed becomes information which, when properly communicated in time for the decision making can result in decision actions.
Designing of MIS involves the following steps:
Defining the problem or decision area
Setting of system objectives
Establishing system, constraints (both internal and external)
Determining information sources
Determining information needs
Finding out alternative solutions
Evaluating alternative solutions
Selecting the best alternative
Preparing decision report
Implementing and monitoring the selected alternative.
Documentation.
2.12 Need for an Informations System
Organization small or big must have information system to fulfill three needs:
The system must provide for the internal informational needs of management.
The system must provide management with a means of controlling business activity.
The system must provide for the external needs of various individuals and organizations.
Internal Information Needs:- Information should be available internally to disclose what happened in the past. This relates to the housekeeping need to record and process routine and daily business events. The present, it is necessary to ascertain who has responsibility for various assets, their location, how much should be on hand and events that ate in process. Current information may be especially meaningful when compare with information from other periods, budgets, or standards, enabling management to act when necessary. Information relative to the future should be available to enable management to plan effectively. Events of the past5 become the starting point in projecting the future.
Control:- Designing of an information system that will enable management to effectively control business activities is one of the great challenges of the systems analyst. The timely and duly information that is necessary to operate the business effectively on day-to-day and week-to-week basis must flow from the system. If flows from the ledger balances and is also accumulated by many methods and at many points within the organization.
Reporting:- The need to report information to those outside the organization is of great magnitude. Many of the external needs can be met with data that flow from the system to meet the internal needs. The needs of shareholders and other absentee owners, banks, creditors, investors, financial analysts, regulatory bodies and government agencies have imposed major and costly burden on big business.
2.13 Information Errors
Information differs in quality due to bias, errors or delay. If the bias in information is not appropriate, the recipient may make adjustment. The necessary action is to correct the bias which will make correction in the information relatively easy.
Errors are a more serious problem because of lack of simple adjustment. Information errors can occur as a result of the following:
Incorrect data collection and measurement,
Failure to follow correct processing procedure,
Loss or non — processing of data,
Mistakes in processing, and
Deliberate falsification.
2.14 Some Facts of Information
Here are some facts of informations.
Information leads to action: As a result, it is important to consider the training of the whole process, from data collection, through processing, to the resulting action land not just a part of the sequence.
The use of information is to improve resultant Decision: Therefore, the speed of information may enable management decisions to be taken and this may compensate for any extra information processing costs.
Information moves in Hierarchy: Information moves up several levels in the organizational hierarchy before decisions are made. The movement through an organization can cause delay and may introduced errors into the system. Delay in implementation of action, for example, may cause negative feedback to become positive feedback.
Information presentation must be tailored to suit the recipient, data and expected action: A project analyst may need very detailed quantitative information in terms of probabilities and confidence limits; a factory worker may be better served by simple graphical presentation.
Information must be Relevant to the Decision Required: To be of maximum value, information should be presented in the form required for decision-making. Insignificant and non-material issues should not be presented to the manger. It is a clear principle, straight-forward.
2.15 Attributes of Good Information
The following characteristics must be possessed by any information so as not to be categorized as data:
Accuracy: The degree of accuracy of information relates to its usage, the degree of accuracy expected from information will vary according to whether it is past, present or future.
Brevity: Too much detail can result in overlooking of vital facts, each recipient of information should therefore be provided for his/her need.
Time-lines: Information should be as timely and up to data as it is necessary for the use made of it.
Action: Information calling for action must be directed to the person who can initiate the appropriate action. It should comprise sufficient facts and figures to enable effective and immediate action to be taken.
Meaningfulness: Good information must be meaningful. The person to whom the informations directed must be able to understand the information. Therefore the use of technical jargons must be reduced to the barest minimum and where used, necessary definitions of terms must be included.
Channels: The information must be communicated through appropriate channel.
Objectivity: The information must be free from bias, sentiments, or errors. Relevance: The information must be relevant to the purpose for which a manger or an administrator wants to use it for.
2.15 Summary of Literature Review
Management Information System is an organized way of providing information.
Management information system is a system designed to provide selected decision oriented information needed by management to plan control, and evaluate the activities of the corporation. MIS is designed to emphasize, profit, planning and control at all levels.
The main purpose of management information system is to enable all levels in management make timely and effective decisions on activities for which they are responsible
The major weakness of management information system is non — involvement of the top management in the design of MIS Technicians and professional, should involve too management that will see the implementation of the system.
Management information systems are faced with challenges which the major one is the reduction of the incidence of computer fraud and cyber crimes which has be deviled the whole world. Also this problem can be solved if taking into consideration.
In conclusion, management information system is control by the top — level (strategic planning) management for effectiveness of the organization. Management information system plays crucial roles in every organization either small or big to make details of communication to flow within and without of the organization. It is also provides accurate, relevant, channels, objectivity and timely information to management for effective achievement of goals and objectives.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Instrument Used
The research instrument used in gathering data was mainly through questionnaire, The questionnaire is divided into two section A and B. Section A comprises of bio-data of the respondent and demography. Section B is related to research questions about the problem under the study.
3.2 Population for the Study
J.U. Nwagugo & S.I Anumu (2003) defines population as the total collection of elements about which the research wishes to draw some inferences.
The population of this study comprises all the that understand management information system in the First Bank of Nigeria, PLC, Ilorin. The companys strength stood at about nineteen (19) as at the time of this work. The population of the Executive officers and Head of Department were eight (8). This enable the researcher to select total of fifteen both higher executive officers and head of department as the population of the study.
3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques
Another approach to determine sample size, this approach would be necessary for given combination of precision, confidence levels and variability. Since the companys strength stood at about nineteen from different department in the organization. The higher executive and head of each department were majorly selected for the samples which they were up to fifteen by using the adopted sample know as Taro Yamane Sample Technique
3.4 Distribution and Collection of Data
The data that was being used in this research work was made available through primary and secondary data.
The primary data was gathered through – Questionnaire, The questionnaire was given to the respondents and the researcher came back the next day to collect the questionnaire from the respondents.
Secondary Data: This section comprises of data collected through the following means: Published information, which is gathered from official publication such as Journals, text books, handbooks, and resources materials from the internet.
3.5 Method of Data Analysis
The data gathered during the research process is going to be analyzed through the use of chi-square method for the relevant information collected from the respondents.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter deals with the presentation and analysis of the data collected by the researcher from the respondents.
A total number of twenty five copies of questionnaire were distributed by the researcher to the respondent and twenty were being given back to the researcher which shows a percentage of 80% of the responds which are a positive percentage. They were used in calculating the percentage distribution of the respondents according to their sex, educational qualification marital status and twenty questions. Also, the responses of the respondents to the questions in section B of the questionnaire were used in testing the formulated hypothesis by using simple percentage and formulae goes thus:
Number of Respondent * 100
Total Respondent
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS
Research Question 1
Management information decision leading to the achievement of my organization objective attainable.
Table 4.2.1
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
06
30
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents, 60% strongly agree, 30% agree, 10% disagree and 0% strongly disagree. It can be seen that management information decision leading to the achievement of my organization objective attainable.
Research Question 2
Management Information has assist organization to achieve their organization objective and goals
Table 4.2.2
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
10
50
Agree
08
40
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows that of the total number of respondents, 10 respondents of 50% strongly agree, 08 respondents of 40% agree, 2 respondents of 10% disagree, while 0 respondent of 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that management information system has assist organization to achieve their organization objective and goals.
Research Question 3
Without effective MIS my organization cannot achieve his aims and objectives
Table 4.2.3
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
15
75
Agree
05
25
Disagree
00
0.00
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows that 75% of the respondent strongly agree and 25% of the respondent agree that without effective MIS my organization cannot achieve his aims and objective. However, 0% have a contrary opinion with 0% strongly disagree.
Research Question 4
The goals of MIS organization is to deliver information systems to the various level of corporate managers.
Table 4.2.4
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
06
30
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the table above it shows that 60% strongly agree and 30% agree that the goals of the MIS organization is to deliver information systems to the various level of corporate managers. while 10% of respondents disagree and 0% strongly disagree.
Research Question 5
Good information must be meaningful
Table 4.2.5
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
05
25
Disagree
03
15
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents, 60% strongly agree, 25% agree, 15% disagree and 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that good information must be meaningful.
Research Question 6
Within internet the whole world has been reduced to a global village
Table 4.2.6
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
05
25
Disagree
03
15
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 60% strongly agree, 25% agree, 15% disagree, while 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that with internet the whole world has been reduced to a global village.
Research Question 7
Information in an organization need to flow freely
Table 4.2.7
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
06
30
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the table above it shows that the percentages of responses of the respondents, 60% strongly agree, 30% agree, 10% disagree, and 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that information in an organizati0on need to flow freely.
Research Question 8
Information system is not accurate and relevant in organization
Table 4.2.8
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
02
10
Agree
03
15
Disagree
15
75
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
56
100
The above table explains that 10% and 15% strongly agree and agree that information system is not accurate and relevant in organization while 0% strongly disagree, meanwhile 75% disagree.
Research Question 9
With internet the whole world has been reduced to a global village
Table 4.2.9
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
10
50
Agree
08
40
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the table above it shows the percentage of responses of the respondents, 50% strongly agree, 40% agree, 10% disagree and 0% strongly disagree. It can be seen that with internet the whole world has been reduced to a global village.
Research Question 10
MIS has assisted my organization understand the rule of its environment
Table 4.2.10
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
15
75
Agree
05
25
Disagree
00
0.00
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 75% strongly agree, 25% agree, 0% disagree, and 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that MIS has assisted my organization understand the rule of its environment.
Research Question 11
With management information accurate and well-presented information is available to improve our productivity
Table 4.2.11
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
06
30
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the table above it shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 60% strongly agreed, 30% agree, 10% disagree. It can be concluded that with management information accurate and well-presented information is available to improve our productivity.
Research Question 12
MIS has great impact on labour relationship in an organization
Table 4.2.12
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
10
50
Agree
08
40
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the above table it shows that 50% and 40% strongly agree and agree that MIS has great impact on labour relationship in an organization. while 10% disagree and strongly disagree.
Research Question 13
MIS has assisted my organization understand the rule of its environment
Table 4.2.13
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
15
75
Agree
05
25
Disagree
00
0.00
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the above table it shows the responses of the respondent 75% strongly agree, 25% agree, 0% disagree, 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that MIS has assisted my organization understand the rule of its environment.
Research Question 14
MIS has made service continuity a more appropriate term than business continuity
Table 4.2.14
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
06
30
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 60% strongly agree, 30% agree, 10% disagree, while 0% strongly disagree. It is concluded that MIS has made service continuity a more appropriate term than business continuity.
Research Question 15
MIS helps the manager to understand the number of competitors, their product quality, ruling market price.
Table 4.2.15
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
50
Agree
05
25
Disagree
03
15
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 50% strongly agree 25% agree, 15% disagree and 0% strongly disagree.
Research Question 16
MIS has the basis for reorganization and re-designing the decision structure
Table 4.2.16
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
05
25
Disagree
03
15
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
From the above table it shows the responses of the respondent 60% strongly agree, 25% agree, 15% disagree, 0% strongly disagree. It can be concluded that MIS has the basis for reorganization and re-designing the decision structure.
Research Question 17
Strategic ability to deal with crisis and interruptions effectively is a gain of MIS
Table 4.2.17
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
06
30
Disagree
02
10
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 60% strongly agree, 30% agree, 10% disagree, and 0% strongly disagree. It is concluded that strategic effectively is a gain of MIS.
Research Question 18
MIS helps to develop better communication system
Table 4.2.18
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
15
75
Agree
04
20
Disagree
01
05
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 75% strongly agree, 20% agree, 05% disagree and 0% strongly disagree. It is concluded that MIS helps to develop better communication system.
Research Question 19
MIS is major issue affect my organization survival
Table 4.2.19
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
01
05
Agree
00
00
Disagree
12
60
Strongly Disagree
07
35
Total
20
100
From the table above if shows the responses of the respondent 05% and 0% strongly agree and agree that MIS is a major issue affect my organization survival, 60% disagree and 35% strongly disagree.
Research Question 20
Information is likened to light that removes the darkness of ignorance and reduces uncertainty
Table 4.2.20
Variables
Number of Respondents
Percentage%
Strongly Agree
12
60
Agree
08
40
Disagree
00
0.00
Strongly Disagree
00
0.00
Total
20
100
The above table shows the percentages of responses of the respondents 60% strongly agree, 40% agree, while 0% disagree and strongly disagree respectively. It is concluded the information is linked to light that removes the darkness of ignorance and reduces uncertainty.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
As stated at the beginning of this work, this research work is set out to review management information system and corporate organization in Nigeria. This has been done by examining and highlighting Management Information System as a vital aspect in an organization and individual workers at any level in the organization. The study further reveals the objectives, benefits, challenges of management information system. The research further set out some literature review concerning management information system as a positive effect on the performance of corporate organizations. It reveals the method on how the hypotheses are analyzed with the use of simple percentage and Chi — Square to reveal the extent to which management information system is an effective toll in corporate organizations.
A good management information system will be of great advantage to the various stake holders. Management information system helps and organization evaluate an information system for management information system to function will, executives should allow free flow of information in the organization.
5.2 Conclusion
This study reveals that management information system have a direct positive relationship with organization performance. The analysis above showed that management information system is very important in an organization because no organization can survive without information. Hence, a company needs to pay adequate attention to its management information system so that it can reach limelight and maintain its lofty heights.
5.3 Recommendation
In order to achieve its corporate goals and objectives, a company needs to serve a larger market for its products. For the realization of this, employees in the organization notwithstanding the cadre should be involved so as to create a sense of belonging in them.
The following recommendations will be of use to corporate organization in Nigeria:
The organization should create enough time for the transmission of information so as to guide against errors.
The organization should develop acquire appropriate and suitable computer software and programme to meet it ever growing growth and expansion. In the same vein, skillful and experienced IT workers should be employed to manage the IT department of the organization.
There should be the introduction and operation of central — data — base management system through which information can be produced and communicated to various at any point in time within the firm.
The department should be manned by matured, seasoned professionals of high level of integrity.
There should be effective communication at all levels of the organization so as to aid management control and create good image.
There should be effective communication at all levels of the organization so as to aid management control and create good image:
Effective communication is also essential for forecasting mutual understanding and minimizing conflicts between management and labour.
The organization should provides for regular formal information that guides on direction to follow in a course of action.
The company should put in place, a formal staff training programme which will give the employees the opportunity to learn alternative modern technique and procedures for management information system.
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